Penguin Readers Pre-Intermediate
Lernvoraussetzungen


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Nouns Singular forms and plural forms with s
Common irregular plural forms
Possessive form ('s)
Transparent compounds
Gerunds for activities and pastimes

Verbs Tenses:
Present simple (except negative questions)
Present progressive with present and future meaning
Simple past of listed regular and irregular verbs
Present perfect simple
Past progressive
Irregular past forms: came/did/had/said/was/were/went

Passive:
Passive forms: present and past forms of be + past participle

additionally:
Parts of be, have, have got;
There is/are/was/were
Positive imperative forms
Positive, negative and question forms
Negative imperative forms and questions
Short answers.
can for ability and permission; Let's...
going to for prediction and intention
can for possibility
would like + noun phrase
-ing forms after like, stop
Infinitive forms after want, start
will for offers, requests, and with future meaning
could for past ability and possibility
have to for obligation
would like + infinitive
Common phrasal verbs with transparent meanings
-ing forms after go, verbs of (dis)like
Infinitive forms after want, start, like
is/was/has been able to
can't to deny possibility
could for requests and suggestions
must for obligation
shall for suggestions, plans, offers
need (to)/needn't for necessity
should (positive only) for advice
would for desires, preferences
to + infinitive after what/where etc
Infinitives after permitted verbs and adjectives, with
too/enough/very, after indefinite pronouns/adverbs, infinitive of purpose
Question tags: positive tag following negative statement and vice versa
Common phrasal verbs with non-transparent meanings


Determiners Articles: a, an, the or zero + noun (phrase)
All cardinal and ordinal numbers
Possessives
Quantifiers: some, any, a little, a lot (of), Quantifiers with more
Distributives: every, another, other, each, all + noun
Demonstrative: these, those (also pronouns)
Interrogative Which ? (also pronoun)
the + adjective
Predeterminers: all
Relative: whose
Distributives: both, either, neither
a meaning per

Pronouns Personal, subject and direct object
Demonstrative: this, that, these, those(also as determiners)
Interrogative: Who? What? Which? Whose?
It (+ be) in impersonal expressions
As indirect objects
Possessive
some-, no-, any-, every-(body/thing)
Indefinite: someone, anyone, everyone
one/ones
Reflexive (but not for emphasis)
Relative: who, which, that

Adjectives Simple adjectives (attributive and predicative)
Comparative: -er/more + adjective...than, as ... as
Superlative: the -est in/of, most + adjective
better, best, worse, worst, more, most
too + adjective
How + adjective
Intensifiers: much, a bit, a lot
Adjective + to

Adverbs Some adverbs of frequency, place and time
Adjective +ly [see wordlist]
Interrogatives: Where? When? Why?; How (much/many)?
Intensifier: very
Additive: too
Adjective + (i)ly
Irregular adverbs of manner
Comparative: as...as
Comparative: -er/-est, more/most + adverb
Indefinite: somewhere, nowhere, anywhere, everywhere


Conjunctions and, because, but, or to join words, phrases, clauses
so, before, after, when

Sentences Simple one-clause sentences
Two clauses joined with and, but, because or or
Direct speech + noun/pronoun + say/ask
Two clauses joined with so, before, after, when
Direct speech + subject/verb inversion
Reported speech with present tense reporting verb
know, think, hope etc + that clause
Sentences with more than two main clauses
Sentences with one main and one subordinate clause
Zero and first conditional
Defining relative clauses (but not embedded)
Clauses with wh words
Clauses ending in so, not
Reported speech with to + infinitive
Participle clauses
Adjectives/nouns + that clause



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